![]() If your studio has numerous sites, you may also use the product across all sites (for example, London, Montreal, LA, etc). This license allows you to use the product for a single project only. You may not create training content that you intend to sell or make available via platforms such as YouTube, Patreon, Vimeo, etc. Our personal license allows you to use this on your personal projects and non-commercial projects. They have a bit of noise as they take a loooong time to render, so you may wish to denoise them.Įach HDRI also comes with grey/chrome and colour chart reference, and also a neutral graded version.įor all licences, you may remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, but you cannot resell or share the assets. These were mainly rendered for a test but we figured we’d include them in the download. ![]() ![]() Provided with the download, we’ve also included 2 HDRIs with the house lights on. We recommend doing this in any application that is ACEScg-friendly (for example, Nuke). Here is an example illustrating how the lights and the background have been independently modified. 2 variants have been provided where 001 is more evenly lit and 002 has a bit more contrast.įor the above 2 HDRIs, we’ve provided versions with and without the lights, allowing you to more easily tweak the lighting inderpendently from the background. The primary HDRIs were generated using the Maya Studio Look Development and Lighting Environment 1003 and Maya Character Look Dev and Lighting Rig 1003.
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Adjustable-rate mortgages may be more attractive when mortgage rates are high because they can save you money initially.Fixed-rate loans are often a better option when interest rates are low since you can lock in a good rate for your entire loan term.Both can be good choices, depending on your financial situation: Rocket Mortgage offers loans with fixed rates as well as loans with adjustable rates. An APR includes these charges, so it tends to better reflect the true cost of the loan.An interest rate is what you pay back on top of the funds you receive, expressed as a percentage.Also, keep in mind the differences between an interest rate and an annual percentage rate (APR): Mortgage rates change frequently and vary based on your loan term, credit history and mortgage type. But Rocket came through and had the lowest rate I could get for a 30yr fixed.” While the market plays a huge role in what current rates are, one Virginia customer felt they got a good deal: “Times were looking bleak with the market noticed looking great and rates going up. Many reviewers said they got a good rate on either their home purchase or refinance. For reference, the national average across that period was 2.96%, according to Freddie Mac. This rate information is generally updated daily, but for the most accurate rates based on your individual situation, you should contact Rocket Mortgage for a customized quote.ĭisclosures from Rocket Mortgage indicate that its rates for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages ranged from 2.625% to 6.375% in 2021, averaging 2.93% overall - lower than the national average. Rocket Mortgage publishes its current mortgage rates for conventional, FHA, VA and jumbo loans on its website. I highly recommend going to somewhere else for your mortgage needs. ![]() Their words don't match what's on paper, please be careful. Words cannot explain how disappointed I feel. He eventually sent it, and there it was (what he didn't want us to see) a rate of 7.375% for a Discount Point of $13,939. He eventually, sent it after my husband got on the phone and told him we weren't going to pay for anything without seeing the loan estimate. He was very persistent that I needed to provide my credit card before he sends it of course I didn't. I repeatedly said I can't do that when I haven't seen a correct loan estimate and with the new rate he offered at no points. I asked him to see it in writing the problem was that he wanted me to give my credit card information so I can pay for the appraisal. I told Carl, and he counter offers with 7.375% with no points. I decided to inquire somewhere else for my mortgage and was able to get 7.5% with no points. When I questioned Carl (the next day) he spoke to me with an attitude and told me “it’s nothing, I changed it, it’s nothing!” with an aggressive tone.Īt this point, I already knew I did not want to do business with this company. Second, my offer was $590,000, we were giving 70,000 down payment. I eventually, understood that I would have to pay this price in order to get the rate of 7.75% (but when we spoke on the phone, the first time he never mentioned it). I called Michael and asked him what this charge was from, he was ‘beating around the bush’ with his responses. I notice a section that reads Discount Points $5,974. ![]() He sends me the loan estimate in which I am expected to acknowledge and sign the disclosure. I decide to go with 7.75% (he never stated this comes with a price). Michael stated to me that the current rate was 7.75% and he explained that if I wanted a lower rate such as 7.375% or 7.125% it will cost me X amount. Carl was off and now I was talking to Michael (didn't catch his last name). On this day, I wanted to lock in my rate since I had found a home.
![]() At this point, it will likely be easier to start over than keep looking. Here are also a couple of text logs from when the app installed in January - but those won't be of help. I see a bunch of odd files and folders today in Appdata/Local/Temp but don't know where to begin there. Window heading 'It looks like we hit a snag' 3. Launch post crash will trigger a window to send report to TTax. I have also enabled show hidden files in windows explorer. 2020 TurboTax Deluxe build 2020.r14.034 ( build date) macOS Big Sur 11.2 on 2015 Macbook Pro 13' Seems like the latest TTax and macOS version. It's not on my I'Drive (cloud storage) either. ![]() I have had to hunt for lost files on other things before. I have done all of the things suggested including at that link. TT did an update this morning, then I opened the file, worked a little, didn't want to save and hit don't save. I would have no reason not to hit save as it was something I gave some thought to today when I didn't want to continue from where I was. Yes, I've been in and out of turbotax a few times over the past few weeks and must have hit save as the file was always there when I opened tt. I ended up copying the TurboTax files into that folder and after opening and saving the different files all is working as it did before the problem, that is, when starting TurboTax it automatically shows existing returns (without having to do a search to find them to open them.) So I don't know if the folder TurboTax is always created in the Documents folder, but that is what it looks like, at least in my instance. However after starting up TurboTax and later looking in the Documents folder there was another empty TurobTax folder there. Does that sound correct?Īt least that is what it looked like to me, when seeing that having moved a folder that contained a TurboTax folder caused my problem, and when working to rectify it I deleted a different instance of a folder named TurboTax (which was empty and contained no files) from the Documents folder. It appears that TurboTax creates a folder named TurboTax in the Documents folder on a Windows PC as the default location where the tax files are stored. What could be other suggestions to determine why returns no longer display, and how to correct? (By the way, yes they have always been saved on C drive after editing return with any changes.) However neither version brings up any existing returns, which TurboTax has done in the past. The same happens when starting TT2020, that is, it shows the option to transfer returns from the past. When clicking to Begin New Return in TT 2021 it does show "Good News! We Found Your Tax Info and buttons next to each to "Transfer Return" However I had already Transferred in the past and edited with new information since then. ![]() Even last week I was able to bring up 2020 version "what ifs" as well as the 2020 return that had been filed, and also bring up a return in progress with TT 2021 also. I have not had an issue like this in the past. Thank you for the quick response and suggestion! I did check for updates and installed 3 new Windows updates, and rebooted, and checked for updates again and it said it was up to date, and I rebooted 2 more times, but that did not resolve the problem. That way if the cut isn’t exactly right, you can adjust it at home before starting your project. Typically Lowe’s employees are not concerned with extreme accuracy when cutting wood for their customers, so it’s best to allow for a little extra room. This waste wood is called “kerf” and should always be taken into consideration for the best accuracy. This means you’ll likely lose 1/8” of wood in the cutting process as it turns into sawdust. It’s also a good thing to keep in mind the size of the saw blade when asking for a specific measurement crosscut. These intricate cuts involve more precision than a Lowes’ industrial saw can accommodate. ![]() However, if you need a rip cut, that cuts along the grain, you’ll want to invest in a home power saw or seek out another cutting service. This cut is often in one direction in one clean line against the grain.įor instance, if you needed a 16ft 2×4 cut down to 12 feet, Lowe’s has it. Lowe’s store saw can typically be used for only one cut style, a crosscut. The process is specifically designed to thread and cut pipes. The metal wheel creates threads in the ends of the pipes. This process involves a special cutting operation involving a metal wheel, instead of a blade. In addition to lumber, Lowe’s will cut mini-blinds, pipes, chains, rope, and more.Īccording to their website, they also offer “free pipe threading and cutting for any size of galvanized or black iron pipe.” This policy is dependent on the store and the trained employees they have available.Īgain, check with your local Lowe’s and inquire about quantity if you have questions before going in.Įach store’s process is a little different. It appears that Lowe’s standard policy is that they will cut two pieces for free or one cut per board, before adding additional fees for more cutting. However, a sizable home project is likely doable. Large construction projects shouldn’t rely on the store to cut all of their wood pieces. There isn’t a set limit as to how much lumber a store will cut for you, but it seems to be assumed that it should be a reasonable amount. They won’t cut wood brought in from the outside or purchased elsewhere. ![]() Though it seems obvious, it should be noted that for Lowe’s to cut your wood, you’ll need to have purchased it there. So, make sure someone is present and available to cut before you make the trip. There are also usually only a couple of employees per store trained to operate the saw. However, woodworking projects should not rely on this cutting service alone.Ĭall ahead to your local Lowe’s before heading over there, as store saws can be out of commission and waiting on maintenance. Instead of bringing home too much wood, breaking out the measuring tape, and finding the room to cut it yourself, Lowe’s can take those timely aspects out of the building process.įor those that don’t know how to cut wood properly and safely at their home, this service is priceless. This free service takes the stress out of painstakingly hand sawing purchased lumber yourself.Įven if you have the advantage of home power tools, having the store cut your lumber to its desired size is extremely convenient, especially when trying to get it all home. This comes at no additional charge to the customer. Yes, Lowe’s makes your projects involving lumber that much easier by cutting wood to sizes you may need. The lumber department makes up a significant portion of their stores.Ĭustomers can find all types of wood and almost anything they need to complete their woodworking projects. ![]() In fact, many woodworkers, carpenters, and DIY enthusiasts rely on Lowe’s to supply their main working material, wood. Many people shop at Lowe’s for their home improvement or construction needs.Īmong many items, including tools, hardware, lawn care equipment, and lighting fixtures, this retail chain also sells lumber. ![]() Each office is independently owned and operated. Century 21 Real Estate LLC fully supports the principles of the Fair Housing Act and the Equal Opportunity Act. All rights reserved.ĬENTURY 21 ®, the CENTURY 21 Logo and C21 ® are service marks owned by Century 21 Real Estate LLC. Real estate listings held by brokerage firms other than this site owner are marked with the IDX/MLS logo.©2023 Century 21 Real Estate LLC. Any information relating to real estate for sale referenced on this web site comes from the Internet Data Exchange (IDX) program of My Florida Regional MLS DBA Stellar MLS. The information being provided by My Florida Regional MLS DBA Stellar MLS is for the consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties the consumer may be interested in purchasing. Failure to include all of the above information may result in the delay of the processing of your complaint. 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If you believe in good faith that any content or material made available in connection with our website or services infringes your copyright, you (or your agent) may send us a notice requesting that the content or material be removed, or access to it blocked. § 512 (the “DMCA”) provides recourse for copyright owners who believe that material appearing on the Internet infringes their rights under U.S. ![]() The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. Use of this data provided by MLS GRID may be subject to an end user license agreement prescribed by Stellar MLS if any and as amended from time to time. Listings courtesy of Stellar MLS as distributed by MLS GRID.Īll information is provided exclusively for consumers' personal non-commercial use, and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties for purchase. Some IDX listings have been excluded from this website. Properties displayed may be listed or sold by various participants in the MLS. Properties may or may not be listed by the office/agent presenting the information. All information should be independently reviewed and verified for accuracy. Supplied Open House Information is subject to change without notice. All data is obtained from various sources and may not have been verified by broker or MLS GRID. Use of search facilities of data on the site, other than a consumer looking to purchase real estate, is prohibited.īased on information submitted to the MLS GRID as of, 2:16:02 AM. The information being provided is for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. Lauderdale and South Broward Board of REALTORS®. The listing data on this page comes in part from the Internet Data Exchange (IDX), a collaboration between the following REALTOR(R) associations in the Southeast Florida Multiple Listing Service (MLS): Miami Association of REALTORS®, REALTOR® Association of Greater Ft. ![]() Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed. ![]() The MLS data provided for the property above is provided courtesy of ZeroDown. ![]() I love Aristocrats and grindy decks so having this Liesa in the command zone seems like it will be a lot of fun and at the same time being against a grave hate effect in the command zone makes me want to pull my hair out! I am going to have a REAL Love/Hate relation with this card. Perhaps only Liesa can, because of her connection to black mana A thousand years ago, Avacyn single-handedly destroyed their sister and her entire small flight, and they had made the very mention of her name forbidden.”Ī: angels are like demons, and can reform over time. She did not approve of Liesa's methods, and when Liesa made a pact with a demon lord, Avacyn declared her a heretic and destroyed her, along with her entire flight of angels.”Īnd the following is from Shadows over Innistrad “A gaze black and pitiless”, which is told directly from Sigarda’s perspective She was inflexible in her righteousness and unstoppable in her power. ![]() “One day, a new angel appeared as if from nowhere: Avacyn. This is taken directly from last years “The Legendary Characters of Commander Legends”, while the article is OOC, it still expressly states Liesa is “destroyed” They share a character and mana cost and keywords but they're very different if you ask me. I wouldn't build either one the same way. Has no protection though so if she dies, you have to get her back with commander tax or reanimation unless you use some other spell/ability to protect her. This seems to lead to abusing ETBs and LTBs, or Shadowborn Apostles type stuff, looping certain things over and over. Hates on death triggers and whatnot, and the main thing to abuse is that your creature cards go back to hand after death. This leads her down roads like hard stax or weaponizing life gain.įorgotten Archangel however, despite also being a flying lifelinker, seems to go in a different direction. In addition, you can't get locked out of her casting her again if she gets removed based on mana since she will always cost five mana, no matter how many times she dies. ![]() Shroud of Dusk has that 'soft stax' ability hurting your opponents for every spell you cast she hurts you too but she's also a 5/5 flying lifelink so you can rather reliably gain 5 life per turn to offset it. Or if you guys have other interesting (and as much as possible, leaning more towards casual and non-cutthroat) directions in mind, I'd love to hear about those too.They're rather different so I wouldn't replace one for the other. In practice, do you guys find running the lifedrain plan makes you the instant archenemy on the table? Or is it only when you start pulling ahead in terms of life totals? As much as possible, I want to stay a little under the radar and rather not be a ] or ] level threat as soon as things start. If that's not enough, I can think of trying to transition a lifedrain strategy, to try and gradually drag all opponents down (while keeping Liesa player's life a little above theirs). ![]() Having a big life total is nice and all, but does it have enough payoffs to try to win the game? If mostly lifegain is a workable plan, I think it looks nicer than stax (from an opponent's point of view at least). That left me with the "seemingly least threatening" looking direction, which is lifegain. You just suit her up with a bunch of pumping equipment, give her double strike, then take players out one by one. But my concern is that most voltron builds might be rather linear, in that there's not too much interaction. The next thing I thought of is voltron, since she can somewhat bypass commander tax using life, and already has lifelink to begin with. What I do know, is that I do not want to go super heavy stax (like locking people down from doing anything at all). Problem is, I don't have a sure direction to build her in yet. Amyway, the idea is to be as casual as possible, but with her as the commander. I come from another game, and haven't played MTG in practice at all, so most of what I have is just theory. So I've made up my mind that ] will be the focus of my very first deck. ![]() ![]() These longer manufacturing codes are useful for tracking paint usage. For example, the same code ending in the letter "G" is common for accent paints. Ford production paint codes starting with M are usually followed by a 4 digit number and the letter "A" indicating its an exterior paint. The longer Ford paint manufacturing code is M5681 or M5681A. Careful when using this paint code along with the make and year to specify this paint since it is may not be unique. The short make/year code for this paint on a 38938 in 1980, is 2K. Other common color promotional names include Candy Apple Red, Candyapple Red, Cardinal Red, Cherry, Cranberry, and Medium Red. This red automotive paint color is most commonly known as simply Red. The two Companies/Organizations with Fleet Vehicles using this color are: Smeal Fire Apparatus and National Foam. 1968 paint by Ford with a promotional name of Candy Apple Red. The use of this paint is for main body and special order color. We have records of this color appearing on the following models: Bronco, International Harvester Truck, MarkV, Ranger, and Thunderbird. The color formulation has been used between 19, primarily by Ford but also by Company Fleet Vehicles, International Harvester, Lincoln, and Mercury. Other common color promotional names include Candyapple Red and Red. And back then colors between paint batches varied a lot. The color formulation has been used between 19, primarily by Ford but. ![]() This red automotive paint color is most commonly known as simply 'Red'. So yeah, although Ford called that color Candy Apple Red, it was not a Candy paint job. 1966 paint by Ford with a promotional name of Candyapple Red. This red automotive paint color is most commonly known as Candy Apple Red. IMO Ford color code 'T' Candy Apple Red - Is not a candy apple red. This code is listed in our database as an offset listing to PPG code 3279 therefore, the results below are from that code.ġ980 paint by Ford with a promotional name of Candy Apple Red. 1980 Ford Candy Apple Red paint 1980 Ford Candy Apple RedĪt we have records of this paint for over 18 years of use. ![]() But Eddie’s dad was a proficient fiddle and accordion player who had immigrated from Ireland, and would play in dance halls in New York after getting off work at the oil refinery. Born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in New Jersey, this was the entirely wrong part of the world to be from to pursue country music as a career. Hell, you barely ever hear his name at all.īorn Edward Thomas Rabbitt (yes, it was his real name), Eddie had an unlikely origin story for a country singer. But do you every hear Eddie Rabbitt’s name brought up in that context of the Hall of Fame? Of course not. And all 34 of Rabbitt’s Top 10 hits came in a row, one after another, between 1976’s “Drinkin’ My Baby (Off My Mind)” and 1990 “Runnin’ With The Wind.”Įddie Rabbitt’s career wasn’t just accomplished, it was downright Hall of Fame worthy. Eddie Rabbitt had 20 of them, and 34 total Top 10 hits, most of which he wrote himself. Gary only had one #1 song in his career though. Aside from maybe Gary Stewart, the case could be made that Eddie Rabbitt is the most wrongfully overlooked star in country music history. This is one of the many reasons the legacy of Eddie Rabbitt seems scandalously lost to country music. He just went on like everything was normal, until he was gone. Not even his agent knew, nor anyone else beyond his family that after being diagnosed with Cancer and receiving radiation treatment and having part of his lung removed, Rabbitt was diagnosed as terminal. It wasn’t until after the burial that the word got out. But nobody reported on the passing of Eddie Rabbitt when it happened at the behest of his family. Eddie had been a heavy smoker for many years, and it finally caught up to him. ![]() My entire universe changed.Įddie Rabbitt would have turned 80 years old today, November 27th, but he died in Nashville on May 7th, 1998 from lung Cancer at the age of 56. “I love a rainy night, I love a rainy night, I love to hear the thunder, watch the lightning, as it lights up the sky…” An electric guitar was strumming on a single chord. Reverberating finger snaps and hand claps immediate awakened something carnal in my tiny brain, and my ears perked up. I’d find where the songs were on the record, and drop the needle there.īut then everything changed when my older brother handed me a 45 of adult music, and the silver dollar-sized plug I had to put on the center of the turntable to play it. I would sit and listen to them on my small suitcase style 45 record player that had little lights in the front of it that would pulsate with the words and music. Any Disney-on-record story ever published I had a copy of, bequeathed down from brothers, sisters, and cousins who’d outgrown them. But man, I had me a record player, and a mean record collection. To ensure equitable representation of the biggest hits from each era, certain time frames were weighted to account for the difference between turnover rates from those years.It was late 1980, or early 1981, and I wasn’t even five years old yet. ![]() 1 earning the greatest value and weeks at No. Songs are ranked based on a formula blending performance, as outlined above, with weeks at No. Due to changes in chart methodology over the years, eras are weighted differently to account for chart turnover rates during various periods. 1 earning the greatest value and weeks at lower spots earning the least. Songs are ranked based on an inverse point system, with weeks at No. 4, 2023) and comprises songs that have the word “love” in its title (or a variation, like “lover,” “loving,” “lovely,” etc.). Billboard’ s Top 50 Love Songs of All Time ranking is based on weekly performance on the Hot 100 (from its inception on Aug. The ranking is based on actual performance on the weekly Billboard Hot 100 chart. 1s feature the word “love” in the song title. And we have the numbers to prove it: 9.6% of all Hot 100 No. It’s sonic proof that while musical fads and fashions will change with every generation, love - and the songs inspired by it - will never go out of style. Love is a many splendored and many faceted thing, and this list has all types of love songs: tunes about “The Power of Love” (Huey Lewis), “The Greatest Love of All” (Whitney Houston), eternal love (Donna Lewis’ “I Love You Always Forever”) and NSFW lovin’ (Madonna’s “Justify My Love”). The romantic tunes cover every era of the Hot 100’s history, ranging from 1958’s “To Know Him Is to Love Him” by the Teddy Bears to 2019’s “Someone You Loved” by Lewis Capaldi. We are counting down the top 50 Hot 100 hits with a form of the word “love” in the title. Songs have been written about every topic imaginable, but the best ones - from swooning ’50s ballads to contemporary club bangers - have been penned about the ups and downs of being in love. ![]() If there’s no other way DEVONthink can import & organize my OPML file, I’ll consider this approach. ![]() Ideally, I’d like to just use one export file instead of creating two, just so it could be properly imported and sorted by DEVONthink. My OmniOutliner rendering process strips away the hashtags, so it would mean that I’d have to create another MarginNote export – via “Export to DevonThink” – to make it work. Having said that, there might be a way for me to use some variation of your Step 3. While I really do appreciate it, I’m trying to find a different way of of interfacing MarginNote-created annotated notes with DEVONthink.Īs I said at the top, I’ve created a process that reorganizes my MarginNote annotations through a category - tag approach – and I want to keep that intact.Īlso, my taxonomy of tags per project is quite complex, and that’s why I’m trying to see if there’s a way to use something like the TaskPaper file as a way to automatically generate that in DEVONthink manually setting it up would be quite tedious, and expect (hope!) there’s an easier way to do this. If so, would it be be possible to import the notes from OPML files into DTP so that they are filtered into the tag taxonomy (i.e., notes are imported and organized by their tag)? Would it be possible to import an OPML file into DTP so that it imports these individual notes with their respective metadata? When I open OPML files in Tinderbox, it appears as individual notes with their respective metadata (tags, comments, etc.). Let me divide this into smaller questions… It seems like the OPML import is the trickier part of the process. Yes! Basically using the file (or metadata, if that’s how work) to inform and create a taxonomy of tags.Īctually, the raw taxonomy of categories and tags that I mentioned in my first post is contained in a TaskPaper file, which can also be exported as a “generic plain text document.” Could one use that to create a taxonomy of tags in DEVONthink? But I guess that’s what you’re looking for. Instead groups, notes, tags & feeds (depending on the contents and the creator of the file) are created. ![]() Is this possible? If so, how would users suggest I put together a process for accomplishing this? But it seems a bit clunky – and I thought the TaskPaper file and/or the re-organized OmniOutliner file might just be easier for accomplishing what I’m seeking.īTW, I read this post on “ Set tag of current doc via ios shortcuts / sharesheet?” and thought there might be some elements of Smart Rule that might be used to accomplish what I’d like to do. MarginNote can export annotations in what they call a “DEVONthink format,” which is basically a batch of RTF files. …import a set of MarginNote-produced annotated notes (e.g., from an OmniOutliner file or another export format), and have DEVONthink store and organize them according to notes’ tags. Use the OmniOutliner and/or TaskPaper file(s) to create the same taxonomy of categories and tags in DEVONthink, and then… I don’t know if this is remotely possible, but I’m wondering if there’s some way – either through a smart rule or script – that I could import such files into DEVONthink, and then: This process uses a TaskPaper file – as a kind of reference file for the OmniOutlier reorganization script – which contains each category on the first level, and tags on the second level. ![]() (The OmniOutliner file also has a dedicated column for each hashtag, per annotated note.) I export my MarginNote annotations in OmniOutliner format, and then run a script that groups the annotation notes by category - tags (e.g., Category POULTRY - tag - Chickens, Turkeys, Quails). These annotations can be exported in various export types, in which the annotations are divided into a set of discrete notes, along with their respective comments and tags. I’ve been using MarginNote to annotate my PDF files. ![]() Probably, "Dance with who brung ya'." My uncle said that to me. 2019īest advice ever received: I've had so much. The Johns Hopkins News-Letter (Johns Hopkins University), 21 Feb. The energy Naked Giants brang lingered after their performance, hanging in the air as the crowd waited anxiously for the headliner of the night. Here are some examples (vote as you will): Many people, and not just usage commentators, feel that the use of brang and brung in place of brought is cringeworthy, and quite a few standard dictionaries reflect that opinion with labels such as " substandard" or " nonstandard." (Of the two inflected forms, brung more often carries a " dialectal" label, which at least attests to its frequency of use in certain regional varieties of English.) The fact that these words are recognized by dictionaries in the first place validates their legitimacy as words-but with the caveat that they do not have the majority vote for becoming a part of Standard English. But, as of yet, they haven't "broughten it." Use of 'Brang' and 'Brung' (In Old English, bring was bringan.) By late Middle English, the modern brought gains its title as "Past Tense and Past Participle of Bring," and the only "real" (they're a tag team born from analogy) contenders to take it away have, historically, been brang and brung. Such uses of brought should be familiar with English speakers, but we present to you, anyways, two morsels topped with "grammar gloss": "She brought brownies for the bake sale" (past tense) "My coworker had brought donuts for the office-and I couldn't resist" (past participle, and had gives that away).īrought has a distinguished pedigree that includes a number of variations in Old and Middle English, among them are the past tense brōhte and the past participle brōht. Brought is the long-standing past tense and past participle. ![]() By analogy, brang and brung should be inflections of bring-but that's not the case. Following the i to a or u conjugation, the past tense of spring is sprang (or sprung) and its past participle is sprung. The past tense of ring is rang and its past participle is rung the past tense of sing is sang (or sung) and its past participle is sung. Past Tense for Strong Verbsįor the verbs ring, sing, and spring, the root vowel ( i) is changed to indicate the past tense and the past participle. ( Talk, change, and build are examples of weak verbs.) Of the irregular verbs mentioned, three of them share another quality. ![]() That is to say, they all close with the same sound and they all belong to a class of "strong" irregular verbs that are inflected by a change in the root vowel rather than by the adding of a suffix-such as -ed, -d, or -t, or -ing-which is how " weak" regular verbs are inflected to indicate tense. Ring, sing, spring, and bring have two things in common: they rhyme and they are " strong" verbs. 'Brought' has past tense and past participle variations that date back to Old and Middle English. |
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